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As known the term commerce refers to activities pertaining the buying and selling of the goods and services. The part of this activity carried out over the internet is called to be E-commerce.
The increasing consumer demands and the intorduction of new companies to the market, results with harder competieion in the global scale. To this end the usiness people have been reforming the organisations and the way of doing business in order to remove the barriers between the firms, suppliers and the customers through web solutions and e-commerce.
Regarding the description of e-commerce different institutions form various countries provide several descriptions. However the description provided by OECD in 1997 is the most commonly accepted one. In light of this, e-commerce is a process which contains the below actions :
- the gathering information and reseacrh of the companies over the elecrtonical environment prior to the sale.
- The meeting of the companies over the electronical environment
- The realization of the payment process
- The fulfilling of the undertakings, the delivery of the goods or serices t the customer.
- Maintenace, support etc. services following to the purchase.
Companies become more flraxable, they achieve better contact with the suppliers and consequently they serve better to the needs of the customers and those companies improve towards global standarts. Through e-commerce companies have the advantage of choosing the best supplier and offer their products at the global market.
PARTIES IN E-COMMERCE
Parties in e-commerce might be examined under four headings.
Company - Company: Companies make orders from the suppliers, recieve invoices and make the paymnts in the electronic environment. According 1999 statistics transactions of this category amount %90 of the total e-commerce.
Company - Client/Customer: The advancing of the "www" technology has given rise to various applications of cyber shops and companies directlt sell to the customers various merchandise such as computors, cars, books, pizza and so on.
Compnay - Public : The first example of this category are the annoucement of the public procurements and submission to tenders through internet. . In order to support e-commerce governments are establishing technologies to offer tax, customs services.
Individual - Public : This category, though not very pervasive, include passport, driving licence applications, social security premiums, tax payments and etc. These are the way to electronic state. The government of UK has announced that in the year of 2005 all public services would be ofered on the web and the access to the electronic state would be accomplished.
The first step to e-commerce : e-mail
E-mail is the electronic message sent between the computers/persons. The electronic correspondence has replaced convetional method paper based methods. Over the internet electronic meesages could be sent fast abd safely to any receiver in the world within a few minutes at a cost lower than an innercity phone call.
E-mail enables you tobe in reach of your customers at anywhere anytime. The change of telephone or fax numbers, moving to a difference place or tobe on vacation does not affect your e-mails.
The number of global e-mail accounts have long execeeded 1.000.000.000 and in US teo of every three companies have an e-mail account.
Company - Company E-Commerce
Before the Internet e-commerce was ralised through private networks by (Electronic Data Interchange, EDI), Firms and partners used special software to convert files to EDI format. By replacing EDI system with web based technologies, costs are decreased significantly and accordingly efficieny of KOBIs have improved.
E-commerce is a very good way to reduce costs and increase efficiency of the companies. I A supermarket whichnuses electronic tools for every step of its services will be able to monitor stocks and make orders through a computer automated system. The orders are sent to the supplier automatically through a network. The system also sends the details of the order to the relevant departments.
As seen such procedure replaces many employees with computers and results wşth cost reuction. Since the computer will make better calculations and accurate orders, the space needed for storage will reduce. Moreoever, under the computer watch the consumer trends could be observed in a way to make better decisions to launch new products.
In Turkey it is seen that there is an increasing company to company e-commerce in particular for automative, house equipment, computer, IT products in manufacturer -retailer and supplier-seller purchases e-commerce is commonly used.
Company - Client/Customer E-commerce : cybershops
Internet has emerged a review of the targets of KOBIs. The companies cathing up with the ".com" revolution.have opened cybershops to reach new customers. Thus KOBIs could open a 7/24 shop operating throughout the world at a reasonable cost.
Since running costs of cybershop is so low, the prices are also cut down. Internet also enable companşes to provide feedback for customers.
http://www.kobinet.org.tr/hizmetler/e-ticaret/e-ticaret-kutuphanesi/ba1.html
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